Muna amfani da kukis don inganta ƙwarewar ku.Ta ci gaba da bincika wannan rukunin yanar gizon, kun yarda da amfani da kukis.Karin bayani.
Ana amfani da kumfa na polyurethane (PU) a cikin gine-gine don dalilai daban-daban, amma tare da turawa zuwa fitar da sifili, kayan da ke da alaƙa da muhalli suna samun ƙarin kulawa.Inganta koren suna yana da mahimmanci.
Polyurethane kumfa shine polymer wanda ya ƙunshi raka'o'in monomer na halitta wanda aka haɗa ta urethane.Polyurethane wani abu ne mai nauyi tare da babban abun ciki na iska da tsarin buɗaɗɗen tantanin halitta.Ana samar da polyurethane ta hanyar amsawar diisocyanate ko triisocyanate da polyols kuma ana iya canzawa ta hanyar haɗa wasu kayan.
Ana iya yin kumfa na polystyrene daga polyurethane na taurin daban-daban, kuma ana iya amfani da wasu kayan a cikin samar da shi.Thermoset polyurethane kumfa shine mafi yawan nau'in, amma wasu polymers na thermoplastic ma sun wanzu.Babban fa'idodin kumfa thermoset shine juriya na wuta, juriya da karko.
An yi amfani da kumfa na polyurethane sosai a cikin masana'antar gine-gine saboda rashin tsayayyar wuta, tsarin tsari mai sauƙi da kuma kayan kariya.Ana amfani da shi don yin abubuwa masu ƙarfi amma marasa nauyi kuma yana iya haɓaka kyawawan kaddarorin gine-gine.
Yawancin nau'ikan kayan daki da kafet sun ƙunshi polyurethane saboda haɓakar sa, ƙimar farashi da karko.Dokokin EPA suna buƙatar kayan da za a warke gabaɗaya don dakatar da matakin farko da kuma guje wa matsalolin guba.Bugu da ƙari, kumfa polyurethane zai iya inganta ƙarfin wuta na gado da kayan aiki.
Fesa kumfa polyurethane (SPF) wani abu ne na farko na rufi wanda ke inganta ƙarfin ginin gini da ta'aziyyar mazaunin.Yin amfani da waɗannan kayan rufewa yana rage fitar da iskar gas kuma yana inganta ingancin iska na cikin gida.
Hakanan ana amfani da adhesives na tushen PU wajen samar da kayan itace kamar MDF, OSB da guntu.Ƙwararren PU yana nufin cewa ana iya amfani da shi don dalilai daban-daban kamar surufin sauti da juriya, matsanancin zafin jiki, juriya na mildew, juriya na tsufa, da dai sauransu. Wannan abu yana da amfani da yawa a cikin masana'antar gine-gine.
Ko da yake kumfa polyurethane yana da amfani sosai kuma ana amfani dashi a yawancin gine-ginen gine-gine, yana da wasu matsaloli.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi tambaya game da dorewa da sake amfani da wannan abu, kuma bincike don magance waɗannan batutuwa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafe.
Babban abin da ke iyakance abokantakar muhalli da sake yin amfani da wannan abu shine amfani da isocyanates mai saurin amsawa da mai guba yayin aikin samarwa.Ana kuma amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan masu haɓakawa da surfactants don samar da kumfa na polyurethane tare da kaddarorin daban-daban.
An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 30% na duk kumfa polyurethane da aka sake yin fa'ida yana ƙarewa a cikin shara, wanda ke haifar da babbar matsalar muhalli ga masana'antar gine-gine saboda kayan ba su da sauƙi.Kusan kashi uku na kumfa polyurethane ana sake yin fa'ida.
Har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a inganta a waɗannan yankuna, kuma har zuwa wannan, yawancin bincike sun binciko sababbin hanyoyin da za a sake yin amfani da su da kuma sake amfani da kumfa na polyurethane da sauran kayan polyurethane.Hanyoyin sake amfani da jiki, sinadarai da nazarin halittu galibi ana amfani dasu don dawo da kumfa polyurethane don ƙarin amfani.
Koyaya, a halin yanzu babu zaɓuɓɓukan sake yin amfani da su waɗanda ke samar da ingantaccen samfuri mai inganci, mai sake amfani da shi, da tsayayye na ƙarshen samfur.Kafin sake yin amfani da kumfa na polyurethane za a iya la'akari da wani zaɓi mai dacewa don gine-gine da masana'antun kayan aiki, dole ne a magance matsalolin kamar farashi, ƙananan kayan aiki da rashin ƙarancin sake amfani da kayan aiki.
Takardar, wacce aka buga a watan Nuwamba 2022, ta bincika hanyoyin inganta dorewa da sake yin amfani da wannan muhimmin kayan gini.Binciken, wanda masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Liege ta Belgium suka gudanar, an buga shi a cikin mujallar Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Wannan sabuwar dabarar ta ƙunshi maye gurbin amfani da isocyanates masu guba sosai da masu amsawa tare da ƙarin kayan da ba su dace da muhalli ba.Carbon dioxide, wani sinadari mai cutar da muhalli, ana amfani da shi azaman ɗanyen abu a cikin wannan sabuwar hanyar samar da kumfa koren polyurethane.
Wannan tsarin masana'anta mai dorewa na muhalli yana amfani da ruwa don ƙirƙirar wakili mai kumfa, yana kwaikwayon fasahar kumfa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sarrafa kumfa na polyurethane na gargajiya da kuma samun nasarar guje wa amfani da isocyanates masu cutarwa.Sakamakon ƙarshe shine kumfa polyurethane kore wanda marubutan suka kira "NIPU."
Baya ga ruwa, tsarin yana amfani da mai kara kuzari don canza carbonate cyclic, madadin kore zuwa isocyanates, zuwa carbon dioxide don tsarkake substrate.A lokaci guda, kumfa yana taurare ta hanyar amsawa tare da amines a cikin kayan.
Sabuwar tsarin da aka nuna a cikin takarda yana ba da damar samar da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kayan polyurethane tare da rarraba pore na yau da kullum.Juyin sinadari na sharar gida carbon dioxide yana ba da sauƙi ga carbonates cyclic don ayyukan samarwa.Sakamakon shine aikin sau biyu: samuwar wakili mai kumfa da kuma samar da matrix PU.
Ƙungiyar bincike ta ƙirƙiri fasaha mai sauƙi, mai sauƙi don aiwatar da fasaha na zamani wanda, lokacin da aka haɗa shi tare da samfurin farawa mai sauƙi kuma maras tsada, ya haifar da sabon kumfa na polyurethane kore don masana'antar gine-gine.Don haka hakan zai karfafa yunƙurin masana'antu don cimma buƙatun fitar da sifiri.
Duk da yake babu wata hanyar da ta dace don inganta ɗorewa a cikin masana'antar gine-gine, bincike ya ci gaba da yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don magance wannan muhimmin batu na muhalli.
Hanyoyin sababbin abubuwa, irin su sabuwar fasaha daga ƙungiyar Jami'ar Liege, za su taimaka sosai wajen inganta abokantakar muhalli da sake yin amfani da kumfa na polyurethane.Yana da mahimmanci don maye gurbin sinadarai masu guba na gargajiya da aka yi amfani da su wajen sake yin amfani da su kuma inganta haɓakar kumfa na polyurethane.
Idan masana'antar gine-gine na son cika alkawurran fitar da hayaki mai amfani da sifili daidai da manufofin kasa da kasa don rage tasirin dan Adam a kan sauyin yanayi da kuma duniyar dabi'a, hanyoyin da za a inganta da'irar dole ne su zama abin da sabon bincike ya mayar da hankali a kai.A bayyane yake, tsarin "kasuwanci kamar yadda aka saba" ba zai yiwu ba.
Jami'ar Liège (2022) Haɓaka mafi ɗorewa da sake yin amfani da kumfa polyurethane [Online] phys.org.m:
Gina tare da Chemistry (shafin yanar gizon) Polyurethanes a cikin Ginawa [online] Buildingwithchemistry.org.m:
Gadhav, RV et al (2019) Hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su da zubar da sharar gida na polyurethane: bita na Bude Jarida na Polymer Chemistry, 9 shafi na 39-51 [Online] scirp.org.m:
Disclaimer: Ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana a nan na marubucin ne a matsayinsa na sirri kuma ba lallai ba ne su yi daidai da ra'ayin AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork, mai kuma ma'aikacin wannan gidan yanar gizon.Wannan ƙin yarda ya ƙunshi ɓangaren sharuɗɗan da sharuɗɗan amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon.
Reg Davey marubuci ne mai zaman kansa kuma edita wanda ke zaune a Nottingham, UK.Rubuce-rubuce don AZoNetwork yana wakiltar haɗuwa da abubuwa daban-daban da wuraren da yake sha'awar kuma ya shiga cikin shekaru da yawa, ciki har da microbiology, kimiyyar halittu da kimiyyar muhalli.
David, Reginald (Mayu 23, 2023).Yaya abokantakar muhalli ke da kumfa polyurethane?AZoBuild.An dawo da Nuwamba 22, 2023, daga https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
David, Reginald: "Yaya abokantakar muhalli ke kumfa polyurethane?"AZoBuild.Nuwamba 22, 2023
David, Reginald: "Yaya abokantakar muhalli ke kumfa polyurethane?"AZoBuild.https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.(An shiga Nuwamba 22, 2023).
David, Reginald, 2023. Yaya Green Suke Foam na Polyurethane?AZoBuild, shiga Nuwamba 22, 2023, https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
A cikin wannan hira, Muriel Gubar, manajan sashen duniya na kayan gini a Malvern Panalytical, ya tattauna ƙalubalen dorewa na masana'antar siminti tare da AzoBuild.
Wannan Ranar Mata ta Duniya, AZoBuild ta ji daɗin magana da Dr. Silke Langenberg daga ETH Zurich game da aikinta mai ban sha'awa da bincike.
AZoBuild yayi magana da Stephen Ford, darektan Suscons kuma wanda ya kafa Street2Meet, game da yunƙurin da yake sa ido don ƙirƙirar matsuguni masu ƙarfi, masu dorewa da aminci ga mabukata.
Wannan labarin zai ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da kayan gine-ginen halittu da kuma tattauna kayan, samfurori, da ayyukan da za su yiwu a sakamakon bincike a wannan filin.
Yayin da ake buƙatar ƙaddamar da yanayin da aka gina da kuma gina gine-gine masu tsaka-tsakin carbon yana ƙaruwa, raguwar carbon ya zama mahimmanci.
AZoBuild ya yi magana da Farfesa Noguchi da Maruyama game da bincike da haɓaka su zuwa cikin simintin calcium carbonate (CCC), sabon abu wanda zai iya haifar da juyi mai dorewa a cikin masana'antar gini.
AZoBuild da haɗin gwiwar gine-gine Lacol sun tattauna aikin haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwarsu na La Borda a Barcelona, Spain.An zaɓi aikin don Kyautar 2022 EU don Gine-gine na Zamani - Kyautar Mies van der Rohe.
AZoBuild ta tattauna aikinta na gidaje na gida 85 tare da EU Mies van der Rohe Award na ƙarshe na Peris + Toral Arquitectes.
Tare da 2022 kusa da kusurwa, farin ciki yana tasowa bayan sanarwar jerin sunayen kamfanonin gine-ginen da aka zaba don Kyautar Tarayyar Turai don Gine-gine na Zamani - Kyautar Mies van der Rohe.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-22-2023
