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Foam ya polyurethane (PU) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, koma ndi kukankhira komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wokwanira, zida zoteteza chilengedwe zikulandira chidwi.Kupititsa patsogolo mbiri yawo yobiriwira ndikofunikira.
Polyurethane thovu ndi polima wopangidwa ndi mayunitsi a organic monomer olumikizidwa ndi urethane.Polyurethane ndi chinthu chopepuka chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri komanso mawonekedwe otseguka.Polyurethane amapangidwa ndi zochita za diisocyanate kapena triisocyanate ndi polyols ndipo akhoza kusinthidwa ndi kuphatikiza zipangizo zina.
Chithovu cha polystyrene chitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku polyurethane ya kuuma kosiyanasiyana, ndipo zida zina zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga.Thermoset polyurethane thovu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri, koma ma polima ena a thermoplastic aliponso.Ubwino waukulu wa thovu la thermoset ndi kukana moto, kusinthasintha komanso kulimba.
Foam ya polyurethane imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga chifukwa chosagwira moto, mawonekedwe ake opepuka komanso oteteza.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zomangira zolimba koma zopepuka ndipo zimatha kukonza zokongoletsa zanyumba.
Mitundu yambiri ya mipando ndi carpeting imakhala ndi polyurethane chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kutsika mtengo komanso kulimba.Malamulo a EPA amafuna kuti zinthuzo zichiritsidwe kwathunthu kuti asiye zomwe zimachitika koyamba ndikupewa zovuta zapoizoni.Kuphatikiza apo, thovu la polyurethane limatha kukulitsa kukana kwa moto kwa zofunda ndi mipando.
Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) ndi chipangizo choyambirira chomwe chimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yolimba komanso kuti anthu azikhalamo.Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotchinjirizazi kumachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kumapangitsa mpweya wabwino wamkati.
Zomatira za PU zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu zamatabwa monga MDF, OSB ndi chipboard.Kusinthasintha kwa PU kumatanthauza kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana monga kutsekemera kwa mawu ndi kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwakukulu, kukana kwa mildew, kukalamba, ndi zina zotero.
Ngakhale thovu la polyurethane ndi lothandiza kwambiri ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zambiri, limakhala ndi zovuta zina.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kukhazikika ndi kubwezeretsedwanso kwa nkhaniyi kwafunsidwa kwambiri, ndipo kufufuza kuti athetse vutoli kwafala kwambiri m'mabuku.
Chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyanjana kwa chilengedwe komanso kubwezeretsedwanso kwa zinthuzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma isocyanate owopsa komanso oopsa panthawi yopanga.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopangira ndi zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga thovu la polyurethane okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Akuti pafupifupi 30% ya thovu la polyurethane lopangidwanso limathera kutayira, zomwe zimabweretsa vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe kumakampani omanga chifukwa zinthuzo siziwola mosavuta.Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thovu la polyurethane amapangidwanso.
Pali zambiri zoti ziwongoleredwe m'maderawa, ndipo mpaka pano, kafukufuku wambiri afufuza njira zatsopano zobwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito thovu la polyurethane ndi zida zina za polyurethane.Njira zobwezeretsanso thupi, zamankhwala ndi zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kubweza thovu la polyurethane kuti ligwiritse ntchito zowonjezera.
Komabe, pakadali pano palibe njira zobwezereranso zomwe zimapereka chinthu chapamwamba, chogwiritsidwanso ntchito, komanso chokhazikika.Asanayambe kukonzanso thovu la polyurethane ngati njira yabwino yopangira ntchito yomanga ndi mipando, zotchinga monga mtengo, zokolola zochepa komanso kusowa kwakukulu kwazinthu zobwezeretsanso ziyenera kuthetsedwa.
Pepalali, lofalitsidwa mu Novembala 2022, likuwunikira njira zopititsira patsogolo kukhazikika komanso kubwezeretsedwanso kwazinthu zomangira zofunikazi.Kafukufukuyu, wochitidwa ndi asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Liege ku Belgium, adasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Njira yatsopanoyi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma isocyanate oopsa kwambiri komanso otakasuka ndi zinthu zoteteza chilengedwe.Mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, mankhwala enanso owononga chilengedwe, umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala m’njira yatsopanoyi yopangira thovu lobiriwira la polyurethane.
Kupanga kokhazikika kwachilengedwe kumeneku kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi kupanga chinthu chotulutsa thovu, kutsanzira ukadaulo wotulutsa thovu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza thovu la polyurethane ndikupewa kugwiritsa ntchito ma isocyanate owononga chilengedwe.Chotsatira chake ndi chithovu chobiriwira cha polyurethane chomwe olembawo amachitcha "NIPU."
Kuphatikiza pa madzi, njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito chothandizira kutembenuza cyclic carbonate, njira yobiriwira ya isocyanates, kukhala carbon dioxide kuyeretsa gawo lapansi.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chithovucho chimalimba pochita ndi ma amine muzinthuzo.
Njira yatsopano yomwe ikuwonetsedwa papepalayi imalola kupanga zinthu zotsika kwambiri zolimba za polyurethane ndi kugawa pore nthawi zonse.Chemical kutembenuka zinyalala mpweya woipa amapereka mosavuta cyclic carbonates kwa njira kupanga.Zotsatira zake ndikuchita kawiri: kupangidwa kwa chinthu chotulutsa thovu ndi kupanga matrix a PU.
Gulu lofufuza lapanga njira yosavuta, yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito modular teknoloji yomwe, ikaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala oyambira omwe amapezeka mosavuta komanso otsika mtengo, amapanga mbadwo watsopano wa thovu lobiriwira la polyurethane pamakampani omanga.Izi zilimbitsa zoyesayesa zamakampani kuti akwaniritse mpweya wopanda ziro.
Ngakhale kuti palibe njira imodzi yokha yopititsira patsogolo ntchito yomangamanga, kafukufuku akupitirizabe m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athetse vuto lofunika kwambiri la chilengedwe.
Njira zotsogola, monga ukadaulo watsopano wa gulu la University of Liege, zithandizira kwambiri kuwongolera chilengedwe komanso kubwezeretsedwanso kwa thovu la polyurethane.Ndikofunikira kuti m'malo mwa mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsanso ndikuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa thovu la polyurethane.
Ngati makampani omangamanga akufuna kukwaniritsa zomwe amalonjeza kuti azitulutsa mpweya wopanda ziro mogwirizana ndi zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa kwa anthu pakusintha kwanyengo ndi chilengedwe, njira zowongolera kuzungulira ziyenera kukhala cholinga cha kafukufuku watsopano.Mwachiwonekere, njira ya "bizinesi monga mwachizolowezi" sikuthekanso.
University of Liège (2022) Kupanga ma foam okhazikika komanso osinthika a polyurethane [Pa intaneti] phys.org.zovomerezeka:
Kumanga ndi Chemistry (tsamba) Polyurethanes in Construction [paintaneti] Buildingwithchemistry.org.zovomerezeka:
Gadhav, RV et al (2019) Njira zobwezeretsanso ndi kutaya zinyalala za polyurethane: ndemanga ya Open Journal ya Polymer Chemistry, 9 pp. 39-51 [Online] scirp.org.zovomerezeka:
Chodzikanira: Malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa pano ndi a mlembi momwe alili ndipo sakuwonetsa malingaliro a AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork, eni ake ndi wogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lino.Chodzikanirachi ndi gawo limodzi lazoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba lino.
Reg Davey ndi wolemba pawokha komanso mkonzi wokhala ku Nottingham, UK.Kulembera kwa AZoNetwork kumayimira kuphatikiza kwa zokonda zosiyanasiyana ndi madera omwe wakhala akusangalatsidwa nawo ndikuchita nawo zaka zambiri, kuphatikizapo microbiology, biomedical sciences ndi chilengedwe sayansi.
David, Reginald (23 May 2023).Kodi thovu la polyurethane ndi lochezeka bwanji ndi chilengedwe?AZoBuild.Inabwezedwa pa Novembara 22, 2023, kuchokera ku https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
David, Reginald: "Kodi thovu la polyurethane ndilotetezeka bwanji ku chilengedwe?"AZoBuild.Novembala 22, 2023
David, Reginald: "Kodi thovu la polyurethane ndilotetezeka bwanji ku chilengedwe?"AZoBuild.https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.(Yofikira pa Novembara 22, 2023).
David, Reginald, 2023. Kodi Mitundu Yobiriwira Ndi Yotani?AZoBuild, idapezeka pa Novembara 22, 2023, https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
M'mafunsowa, Muriel Gubar, woyang'anira gawo lapadziko lonse lazomangamanga ku Malvern Panalytical, akukambirana za zovuta zamakampani a simenti ndi AzoBuild.
Tsiku la Azimayi Padziko Lonse lino, AZoBuild inali ndi chisangalalo kulankhula ndi Dr. Silke Langenberg wochokera ku ETH Zurich za ntchito yake yochititsa chidwi komanso kafukufuku wake.
AZoBuild imalankhula ndi Stephen Ford, mkulu wa Suscons komanso woyambitsa Street2Meet, za zomwe akuyang'anira kuti apange malo ogona amphamvu, olimba komanso otetezeka kwa omwe akufunika thandizo.
Nkhaniyi ipereka chidule cha zida zomangira za bioengineered ndikukambirana za zida, zopangira, ndi mapulojekiti omwe atheka chifukwa cha kafukufuku wamtunduwu.
Pamene kufunikira kochotsa mpweya m'malo omangidwa ndikumanga nyumba zopanda mpweya wa carbon kumawonjezeka, kuchepetsa mpweya kumakhala kofunika.
AZoBuild idalankhula ndi Pulofesa Noguchi ndi Maruyama za kafukufuku wawo ndi chitukuko cha konkire ya calcium carbonate (CCC), chinthu chatsopano chomwe chingayambitse kusintha kwa ntchito yomanga.
AZoBuild ndi mgwirizano wa zomangamanga Lacol akukambirana ntchito yawo yopangira nyumba ku La Borda ku Barcelona, Spain.Ntchitoyi idasankhidwa kukhala Mphotho ya 2022 EU for Contemporary Architecture - Mphoto ya Mies van der Rohe.
AZoBuild ikambirana ntchito yake yomanga nyumba 85 ndi EU Mies van der Rohe womaliza Mphotho ya Peris+Toral Arquitectes.
Pofika chaka cha 2022 changotsala pang'ono, chisangalalo chikukula kutsatira chilengezo chamndandanda wamakampani omanga omwe asankhidwa kuti alandire Mphotho ya European Union for Contemporary Architecture - Mphotho ya Mies van der Rohe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-22-2023
