Isu tinoshandisa makuki kuvandudza ruzivo rwako.Nekuramba uchitsvaga saiti ino, unobvuma kushandisa kwedu makuki.Mamwe mashoko.
Polyurethane foam (PU) inowanzo shandiswa mukuvaka kune zvakasiyana siyana, asi nekusundidzira kunobuda zero, zvinhu zvine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza zviri kugamuchira kutariswa kuri kuwedzera.Kuvandudza mukurumbira wavo wegirinhi kwakakosha.
Polyurethane foam i polymer ine organic monomer units yakabatanidzwa neurethane.Polyurethane chinhu chakareruka chine mhepo yakakwira uye yakavhurika-sero chimiro.Polyurethane inogadzirwa nekuita kwe diisocyanate kana triisocyanate uye polyols uye inogona kugadziriswa nekubatanidzwa kwezvimwe zvinhu.
Polystyrene foam inogona kugadzirwa kubva ku polyurethane yekuomarara kwakasiyana, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwayo.Thermoset polyurethane foam ndiyo yakajairika mhando, asi mamwe mapolima e thermoplastic aripowo.Mabhenefiti makuru e thermoset foam ndeye kuramba kwayo moto, kuita zvakasiyana-siyana uye kusimba.
Polyurethane foam inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindastiri yekuvaka nekuda kweiyo isingadziviriri moto, yakareruka zvimiro uye inodzivirira zvivakwa.Iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira yakasimba asi isingaremi zvivakwa zvekuvaka uye inogona kuvandudza aesthetic zvivakwa zvezvivakwa.
Mhando dzakawanda dzefenicha nekapeti dzine polyurethane nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwayo, kudhura-kushanda uye kusimba.Mitemo yeEPA inoda kuti zvinhu zvinyatsopora kumisa maitiro ekutanga uye kudzivirira matambudziko ehupfu.Mukuwedzera, polyurethane foam inogona kuvandudza moto kuramba kwemubhedha uye fenicha.
Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) chinhu chekutanga chekudzivirira chinovandudza simba rechivakwa uye kunyaradza kwekugara.Kushandisa zvinhu izvi zvekudzivirira kunoderedza kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse uye kunatsiridza kunaka kwemweya wemukati.
PU-based adhesives inoshandiswawo mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvehuni zvakaita seMDF, OSB uye chipboard.Iko kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwePU kunoreva kuti inogona kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sekudzivirira inzwi uye kupfeka kusagadzikana, kupisa kwakanyanya kwekushisa, mildew resistance, kuchembera, nezvimwewo. Ichi chinyorwa chine zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa mumhizha yekuvaka.
Kunyange zvazvo polyurethane foam inobatsira zvikuru uye inoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvekuvaka zvivakwa, ine mamwe matambudziko.Mumakore achangopfuura, kusimba uye kudzokororwa kwechinyorwa ichi kwave kubvunzwa zvakanyanya, uye kutsvagisa kugadzirisa nyaya idzi kwave kuwedzera kuwanda mumabhuku.
Chinhu chikuru chinodzikamisa hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudzokorodza kwechinhu ichi kushandiswa kweakanyanya reactive uye ane chepfu isocyanates panguva yekugadzira kwayo.Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekatalysts uye surfactants dzinoshandiswawo kugadzira polyurethane foam ine akasiyana zvivakwa.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu che30% chezvese chakagadzirwazve polyurethane furo rinopera mumarara, izvo zvinounza dambudziko guru rezvakatipoteredza kuindasitiri yekuvaka nekuti zvinhu zvacho hazvisi nyore kuparara.Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu che polyurethane foam inogadzirwazve.
Pachine zvakawanda zvinoda kuvandudzwa munzvimbo idzi, uye kusvika pakuguma uku, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakatsvaga nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa zvakare nekushandisa zvakare polyurethane foam nezvimwe zvinhu zve polyurethane.Miviri, makemikari uye biological recycling nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa kudzoreredza furo re polyurethane kune kukosha-kwakawedzerwa kushandiswa.
Nekudaro, parizvino hapana sarudzo dzekudzokorodza dzinopa chemhando yepamusoro, inogona kushandiswazve, uye yakagadzikana yekupedzisira chigadzirwa.Pamberi pe polyurethane foam recycling inogona kutariswa sarudzo inoshanda yekuvaka uye fenicha indasitiri, zvipingamupinyi zvakaita semutengo, kushomeka kwechigadzirwa uye kushomeka kwakanyanya kwezvekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa.
Iro bepa, rakaburitswa muna Mbudzi 2022, rinoongorora nzira dzekuvandudza kusimba uye kudzokorodza kweichi chakakosha chivakwa.Chidzidzo ichi, chakaitwa nemasayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeLiege muBelgium, chakabudiswa mumagazini Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Iyi nzira yekuvandudza inosanganisira kutsiva kushandiswa kwehupfu uye reactive isocyanates nezvinhu zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza.Carbon dioxide, imwe kemikari inokuvadza zvakatipoteredza, inoshandiswa sechigadzirwa muiyi nzira itsva yekugadzira furo regreen polyurethane.
Iyi inogadzirika yekugadzira nharaunda inoshandisa mvura kugadzira iyo inopupa, kutevedzera tekinoroji inopupuma inoshandiswa muchinyakare polyurethane foam kugadzirisa uye nekubudirira kudzivirira kushandiswa kwezvakatipoteredza isocyanates.Mhedzisiro ndeye green polyurethane foam iyo vanyori vanodana kuti "NIPU."
Pamusoro pemvura, maitiro anoshandisa chigadziriso kushandura cyclic carbonate, imwe yakasvibira kune isocyanates, kuita kabhoni dhaimoni kuchenesa iyo substrate.Panguva imwecheteyo, furo rinoomesa nekuita nemaamine mune zvinyorwa.
Nzira itsva yakaratidzwa mupepa inobvumira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakaderera-density solid polyurethane zvinhu zvine kugoverwa kwepore nguva dzose.Kemikari shanduko yemarara kabhoni dhaidhiodhi inopa nyore kuwana kune cyclic carbonates yekugadzira maitiro.Mhedzisiro ndeyekuita kaviri: kuumbwa kweanopupa mumiriri uye kuumbwa kwePU matrix.
Chikwata chekutsvagisa chakagadzira yakapfava, iri nyore-kuita modular tekinoroji iyo, kana yasanganiswa nechigadzirwa chiri nyore uye chisingadhure zvakatipoteredza, inogadzira chizvarwa chitsva chegirinhi polyurethane furo yeindasitiri yekuvaka.Izvi zvinosimbisa kuyedza kweindasitiri kuwana net-zero emissions.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina imwe-saizi-inokodzera-yose nzira yekuvandudza kusimba muindasitiri yekuvaka, tsvakurudzo inoenderera mberi nenzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa nyaya iyi inokosha yezvakatipoteredza.
Maitiro ekuvandudza, senge tekinoroji nyowani kubva kuYunivhesiti yeLiege timu, ichabatsira zvakanyanya kuvandudza kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudzokororwa kwe polyurethane furo.Izvo zvakakosha kutsiva echinyakare chepfu makemikari anoshandiswa mukudzokorodza uye kugadzirisa biodegradability yemafuro epolyurethane.
Kana indasitiri yekuvaka ichizozadzisa zvisungo zvayo zvekuburitsa zero zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvepasi rose zvekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwevanhu mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye nepasirese, nzira dzekuvandudza kutenderera dzinofanirwa kuve chinangwa chetsvagiridzo itsva.Zviripachena, nzira ye "bhizinesi semazuva ese" haichagoneki.
Yunivhesiti yeLiège (2022) Kugadzira mamwe anogadzika uye anodzokororwazve polyurethane foam [Online] phys.org.zvinogamuchirika:
Kuvaka neChemistry (webhusaiti) Polyurethanes muKuvaka [online] Buildingwithchemistry.org.zvinogamuchirika:
Gadhav, RV et al (2019) Nzira dzekudzokorora nekurasa tsvina yepolyurethane: wongororo yeOpen Journal yePolymer Chemistry, 9 pp. 39–51 [Online] scirp.org.zvinogamuchirika:
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Reg Davey munyori akazvimiririra uye mupepeti anogara muNottingham, UK.Kunyorera AZoNetwork inomiririra musanganiswa wezvido zvakasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo dzaave achifarira uye akabatanidzwa mukati memakore, kusanganisira microbiology, biomedical sainzi uye sainzi yezvakatipoteredza.
David, Reginald (23 Chivabvu 2023).Ko polyurethane furo ine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza sei?AZoBuild.Yakadzorerwa muna Mbudzi 22, 2023, kubva https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
David, Reginald: "Pakati pezvakatipoteredza ishamwari yepolyurethane foam?"AZoBuild.Mbudzi 22, 2023
David, Reginald: "Pakati pezvakatipoteredza ishamwari yepolyurethane foam?"AZoBuild.https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.(Yakasvika muna Mbudzi 22, 2023).
David, Reginald, 2023. Ndeipi Yakasvibira Iyo Polyurethane Foams?AZoBuild, yakapinda muna Mbudzi 22, 2023, https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi, Muriel Gubar, maneja wepasi rose wezvekuvaka paMalvern Panalytical, anokurukura nezvematambudziko ekuenderera mberi kweindasitiri yesimende neAzoBuild.
Iri zuva reInternational Women's Day, AZoBuild yakawana mufaro wekutaura naDr. Silke Langenberg vekuETH Zurich nezvebasa rake rinonakidza uye tsvagiridzo.
AZoBuild inotaura naStephen Ford, director weSuscons uye muvambi weStreet2Meet, nezve nhanho dzaari kutarisira kugadzira dzimba dzakasimba, dzakasimba uye dzakachengeteka kune avo vanoshaya.
Ichi chinyorwa chinopa tarisiro yezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvebioengineered uye kukurukura zvekushandisa, zvigadzirwa, uye mapurojekiti anozogoneka semugumisiro wekutsvagisa mune ino ndima.
Sezvo kudikanwa kwekubvisa carbon nharaunda yakavakirwa uye kuvaka kabhoni-neutral zvivakwa kunowedzera, kuderedza kabhoni kunova kwakakosha.
AZoBuild yakataura naMapurofesa Noguchi naMaruyama nezve tsvakiridzo yavo nekusimudzira mucalcium carbonate kongiri (CCC), chinhu chitsva chinogona kumutsa shanduko yekusimudzira muindasitiri yekuvaka.
AZoBuild uye architectural cooperative Lacol vanokurukura yavo yekushandira dzimba chirongwa La Borda muBarcelona, Spain.Iyo purojekiti yakapfupikiswa ye2022 EU Mubairo weContemporary Architecture - iyo Mies van der Rohe Prize.
AZoBuild inokurukura purojekiti yayo yedzimba makumi masere neshanu neEU Mies van der Rohe Mubairo wekupedzisira Peris+Toral Arquitectes.
Negore ra2022 rava pedyo, mufaro uri kuvakwa zvichitevera kuziviswa kweiyo pfupiso yemafemu ezvivakwa akadomwa kuti atore Mubairo weEuropean Union weContemporary Architecture - Mubairo weMies van der Rohe.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-22-2023
