Dukoresha kuki kugirango tunoze uburambe.Mugukomeza gushakisha kururu rubuga, wemera gukoresha kuki.Andi makuru.
Polyurethane ifuro (PU) ikoreshwa mubwubatsi mu ntego zitandukanye, ariko hamwe no gusunika imyuka ya zeru, ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije bigenda byitabwaho.Kuzamura izina ryicyatsi ni ngombwa.
Polyurethane ifuro ni polymer igizwe nibice bya monomer bihujwe na urethane.Polyurethane ni ibintu byoroheje bifite umwuka mwinshi kandi ufunguye-selile.Polyurethane ikorwa nigisubizo cya diisocyanate cyangwa triisocyanate na polyol kandi irashobora guhindurwa no gushyiramo ibindi bikoresho.
Ifuro ya polystirene irashobora gukorwa muri polyurethane yubukomere butandukanye, nibindi bikoresho nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byayo.Ifumbire ya Thermoset polyurethane nubwoko busanzwe, ariko polymers zimwe na zimwe zirahari.Inyungu nyamukuru za thermoset ifuro ni ukurwanya umuriro, guhinduka no kuramba.
Ifuro rya polyurethane rikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zubaka kubera imiterere y’umuriro, yoroheje kandi yubatswe.Ikoreshwa mugukora ibintu bikomeye ariko byoroheje byubaka kandi birashobora guteza imbere ubwiza bwinyubako.
Ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho no mubitambaro birimo polyurethane bitewe nuburyo bwinshi, gukoresha neza kandi biramba.Amabwiriza ya EPA arasaba ibikoresho gukira byuzuye kugirango uhagarike reaction yambere kandi wirinde ibibazo byuburozi.Byongeye kandi, polyurethane ifuro irashobora kunoza umuriro wo kuryama hamwe nibikoresho.
Gutera polyurethane ifuro (SPF) nibikoresho byambere byokuzigama biteza imbere inyubako ikora neza kandi ikabamo neza.Gukoresha ibyo bikoresho byokwirinda bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi bizamura ikirere cyimbere.
PU ishingiye kuri PU nayo ikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa nkibiti nka MDF, OSB na chipboard.Ubwinshi bwa PU bivuze ko bushobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye nko kubika amajwi no kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya ubushyuhe bukabije, kurwanya indwara ya mildew, kurwanya gusaza, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho bifite byinshi bikoresha mubikorwa byubwubatsi.
Nubwo polyurethane ifuro ari ingirakamaro cyane kandi ikoreshwa mubice byinshi byo kubaka inyubako, ifite ibibazo bimwe.Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibibazo byinshi birambye kandi bisubirwamo, kandi ubushakashatsi bwo gukemura ibyo bibazo bwabaye rusange mu bitabo.
Ikintu nyamukuru kigabanya ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije no kongera gukoreshwa muri ibi bikoresho ni ugukoresha isocyanate ikora cyane kandi ifite ubumara mugihe cyo kuyikora.Ubwoko butandukanye bwa catalizator na surfactants nabwo bukoreshwa mugukora polyurethane ifuro ifite imiterere itandukanye.
Bigereranijwe ko hafi 30% ya polyurethane yuzuye itunganijwe irangirira mu myanda, bikaba bitera ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibidukikije ku nganda z’ubwubatsi kuko ibikoresho bitoroshye kwangirika.Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cya polyurethane ifuro irasubirwamo.
Haracyari byinshi byo kunonosorwa muri utwo turere, kandi kugirango ibyo bigerweho, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya no gukoresha ifuro rya polyurethane n’ibindi bikoresho bya polyurethane.Uburyo bwa physique, chimique na biologique ikoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwo kugarura ifuro ya polyurethane kugirango yongere agaciro.
Nyamara, kuri ubu nta buryo bwo gutunganya ibintu butanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, bwongeye gukoreshwa, kandi buhamye.Mbere yo gutunganya polyurethane ifuro rishobora gufatwa nkigikorwa cyiza cyubwubatsi n’ibikoresho byo mu nzu, inzitizi nkigiciro, umusaruro muke ndetse n’ibura ry’ibikorwa remezo bikoreshwa bigomba gukemurwa.
Uru rupapuro rwasohotse mu Gushyingo 2022, rugaragaza uburyo bwo kunoza uburyo burambye kandi busubirwamo bw’ibikoresho byingenzi byubaka.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abahanga bo muri kaminuza ya Liege mu Bubiligi, bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Ubu buryo bushya burimo gusimbuza ikoreshwa rya isocyanates zifite ubumara bukabije kandi butangiza ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije.Dioxyde de Carbone, indi miti yangiza ibidukikije, ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo muri ubu buryo bushya bwo kubyara ifu ya polyurethane.
Ubu buryo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije burambye bukoresha amazi kugirango habeho ifuro ryinshi, bigana ikoranabuhanga ryifuro rikoreshwa mugutunganya ifuro rya polyurethane gakondo no kwirinda ikoreshwa rya isocyanate yangiza ibidukikije.Igisubizo cyanyuma nicyatsi kibisi polyurethane abanditsi bita "NIPU."
Usibye amazi, inzira ikoresha umusemburo kugirango uhindure karubone ya cyclicique, icyatsi kibisi gisimbura isocyanates, muri dioxyde de carbone kugirango isukure substrate.Mugihe kimwe, ifuro irakomera mugukora amine mubikoresho.
Inzira nshya yerekanwe mu mpapuro itanga umusaruro wibikoresho bike bya polyurethane hamwe nogukwirakwiza pore isanzwe.Guhindura imiti ya dioxyde de carbone itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona karubone ya cyclicale kugirango ikorwe.Igisubizo nigikorwa cyibiri: gushiraho agent ifuro no gushiraho matrike ya PU.
Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryashyizeho uburyo bworoshye, bworoshye-gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rya modular, iyo rihujwe n’ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi bihendutse kandi bitangiza ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikije, bikora igisekuru gishya cy’icyatsi kibisi cya polyurethane ku nganda zubaka.Ibi rero bizashimangira ingufu zinganda zo kugera kuri zeru zeru.
Nubwo nta buryo bumwe-bumwe-bumwe bwogutezimbere iterambere rirambye mu bwubatsi, ubushakashatsi burakomeza muburyo butandukanye bwo gukemura iki kibazo cy’ibidukikije.
Uburyo bushya, nk'ikoranabuhanga rishya ryaturutse mu itsinda rya kaminuza ya Liege, bizafasha mu kuzamura cyane ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije ndetse no kongera gukoreshwa na polyurethane ifuro.Nibyingenzi gusimbuza imiti gakondo ifite ubumara bukabije ikoreshwa mugutunganya no kunoza ibinyabuzima bya polyurethane.
Niba inganda zubaka zigomba kubahiriza ibyo ziyemeje kohereza mu kirere zita ku ntego mpuzamahanga zigamije kugabanya ingaruka z’ikiremwamuntu ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’isi kamere, inzira zo kuzamura uruziga zigomba kwibandwaho n’ubushakashatsi bushya.Biragaragara, inzira "ubucuruzi nkuko bisanzwe" ntibishoboka.
Kaminuza ya Liège (2022) Gutezimbere byinshi birambye kandi bisubirwamo polyurethane ifuro [Kumurongo] phys.org.byemewe:
Kubaka hamwe na Chimie (urubuga) Polyurethanes mubwubatsi [kumurongo] Kubaka hamwe na chimie.org.byemewe:
Gadhav, RV et al (2019) Uburyo bwo gutunganya no guta imyanda ya polyurethane: gusubiramo Ikinyamakuru Gufungura Ikinyamakuru cya Polymer Chemistry, 9 pp. 39-51 [Kumurongo] scirp.org.byemewe:
Inshingano: Ibitekerezo byavuzwe hano ni ibyumwanditsi mubushobozi bwe bwite kandi ntibigaragaza byanze bikunze ibitekerezo bya AZoM.com Limited T / A AZoNetwork, nyiri nuwukoresha kururu rubuga.Uku kwamagana gukora igice cyamagambo nuburyo bwo gukoresha uru rubuga.
Reg Davey ni umwanditsi akaba n'umwanditsi wigenga ufite icyicaro i Nottingham, mu Bwongereza.Kwandika kuri AZoNetwork byerekana guhuza inyungu zitandukanye hamwe n’aho yagiye ashishikazwa kandi akagira uruhare mu myaka yashize, harimo mikorobe, ubumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima n’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije.
David, Reginald (23 Gicurasi 2023).Nigute polyurethane yangiza ibidukikije?AZoBuild.Yakuwe ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 2023, avuye kuri https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?Ar ArticleID = 8610.
David, Reginald: “Nigute ifuro rya polyurethane ryangiza ibidukikije?”AZoBuild.Ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 2023
David, Reginald: “Nigute ifuro rya polyurethane ryangiza ibidukikije?”AZoBuild.https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?IngingoID=8610.(Yemezwa ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 2023).
David, Reginald, 2023. Polyurethane ni icyatsi kibisi kingana iki?AZoBuild, yageze ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 2023, https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?Ar ArticleID = 8610.
Muri iki kiganiro, Muriel Gubar, umuyobozi w’ibice by’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi muri Malvern Panalytical, araganira ku mbogamizi zirambye z’inganda za sima na AzoBuild.
Uyu munsi mpuzamahanga w’abagore, AZoBuild yishimiye kuvugana na Dr. Silke Langenberg wo muri ETH Zurich ku bijyanye n’umwuga we n’ubushakashatsi bitangaje.
AZoBuild avugana na Stephen Ford, umuyobozi wa Suscons akaba ari na we washinze Street2Meet, ku bijyanye na gahunda akurikirana kugira ngo hubakwe amazu akomeye, aramba kandi afite umutekano ku babikeneye.
Iyi ngingo izatanga incamake yibikoresho byubaka bioengineered no kuganira kubikoresho, ibicuruzwa, n imishinga bizashoboka nkibisubizo byubushakashatsi muriki gice.
Nkuko bikenewe kwangiza ibidukikije byubatswe no kubaka inyubako zidafite aho zibogamiye ziyongera, kugabanya karubone biba ngombwa.
AZoBuild yaganiriye na Porofeseri Noguchi na Maruyama ku bushakashatsi bwabo n'iterambere ryabo muri calcium ya karubone ya calcium (CCC), ibikoresho bishya bishobora guteza impinduramatwara irambye mu nganda zubaka.
AZoBuild na koperative yubatswe Lacol baganira kumushinga wabo wamazu ya La Borda muri Barcelona, Espanye.Umushinga watoranijwe kugirango uhabwe igihembo cya 2022 cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi - Igihembo cya Mies van der Rohe.
AZoBuild iraganira ku mushinga w’imiturire 85 y’amazu hamwe na EU Mies van der Rohe watsindiye igihembo cya Peris + Toral Arquitectes.
Hafi ya 2022 hafi, umunezero uragenda wiyongera nyuma yo gutangazwa urutonde ruto rwibigo byubwubatsi byatoranijwe igihembo cy’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi gishinzwe ubwubatsi bwa none - Igihembo cya Mies van der Rohe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2023
